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Nestled in the heart of Basilicata, Matera feels like a scene from a fairy tale. Renowned for its ancient cave dwellings and rich cultural heritage, Matera is often called the “City of Stones” because of its iconic Sassi di Matera. With a history stretching back over 9,000 years, it stands as one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an adventure seeker, or a foodie, Matera offers a unique glimpse into the charm of southern Italy. Let’s uncover the fascinating history, top attractions, and culinary delights that make Matera a must-see destination.
A Brief History of Matera
Matera’s story begins in the 6th century BCE when the Lucanians settled in the area. The city’s unique geography, with cave dwellings carved into soft limestone, has shaped its history. For thousands of years, these ancient caves served as homes, churches, and shelters. For much of the 20th century, the Sassi represented poverty, as many inhabitants lived in difficult conditions until the 1950s. However, restoration efforts in the 1990s transformed Matera, and UNESCO recognized it as a World Heritage Site in 1993. Today, Matera symbolizes resilience and rebirth, blending its ancient roots with modern culture. In 2019, it earned the title of European Capital of Culture, highlighting its significant role in Italy’s historical and cultural narrative.
Top Attractions in Matera
Sassi di Matera
The heart of Matera lies in the Sassi, two districts of ancient cave dwellings that showcase human ingenuity and resilience. Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano invite you to wander through narrow alleys and staircases, discovering homes, restaurants, and even hotels built directly into the rock. The surreal atmosphere allows history to blend seamlessly with modern life, creating a magical experience.
Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario
For a glimpse into life in the Sassi before restoration, visit the Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario. This small museum showcases a traditional cave dwelling furnished to reflect the harsh living conditions faced by families until the 1950s. It provides a fascinating and sobering insight into the city’s past.
Matera Cathedral (Cattedrale di Matera)
Make your way to the Matera Cathedral, perched on Civita Hill. This stunning cathedral, built in the 13th century, offers breathtaking views of the Sassi. With its Romanesque architecture, beautiful frescoes, and intricate stone carvings, the cathedral captivates anyone interested in art and history.
Parco della Murgia Materana
Just outside the city, Murgia Materana Park features ancient rock churches and stunning natural landscapes. The park boasts more than 150 rock-hewn churches, many adorned with medieval frescoes. Hike through the rugged terrain, take in views of the Gravina Gorge, and explore caves that hermit monks once used.
Palombaro Lungo
Beneath Piazza Vittorio Veneto, you’ll find the Palombaro Lungo, a massive underground water cistern carved out of the rock. This impressive feat of engineering stored rainwater for the city’s inhabitants. Today, guided tours allow you to explore this vast subterranean chamber, offering a fascinating look at the city’s historical water management systems.
Outdoor Activities and Natural Beauty
Matera is surrounded by breathtaking landscapes, making it an ideal destination for outdoor enthusiasts. The Gravina di Matera canyon dramatically cuts through the city, and the nearby Murgia Materana Park is perfect for hiking and exploring ancient rock-cut churches and caves.
Trekking in the Murgia
Adventurous visitors can embark on trekking tours that explore the caves and rock churches scattered across the Murgia plateau. The trails offer stunning views of the Matera skyline and the canyon below, along with opportunities to discover hidden historical gems.
Gravina Bridge
For those looking to combine history with nature, walking across the Ponte Tibetano della Gravina, a suspension bridge spanning the canyon, offers excitement and spectacular views of the Sassi and the surrounding countryside.
Culinary Delights of Matera
Matera’s cuisine bursts with flavor, reflecting its agricultural roots and reliance on local ingredients. Here are some local specialties you must try during your visit:
Cavatelli con Peperoni Cruschi
A local favorite, cavatelli often pairs with peperoni cruschi, crispy fried dried peppers, and garlic, all drizzled with olive oil. The unique flavor of these peppers represents a hallmark of Basilicata’s cuisine.
Crapiata
A traditional dish of the region, crapiata consists of a thick soup made with a mix of beans, lentils, chickpeas, and grains. It celebrates the harvest and reflects Matera’s deep connection to its agricultural heritage.
Lucanian Sausage
Lucanica, the traditional pork sausage of Basilicata, often appears grilled or in hearty pasta dishes. Its robust flavor, seasoned with fennel, garlic, and chili, makes it a must-try for visitors.
Caciocavallo Silano
This local cheese, made from the milk of Podolica cows, is a delicacy in Matera. It has a rich, buttery flavor and pairs beautifully with bread and local olive oil.
Tartufo di Pizzo
While not originally from Matera, Tartufo di Pizzo is a decadent dessert from the nearby town of Pizzo that you’ll find in Matera. It’s a rich chocolate and hazelnut ice cream dessert shaped like a truffle and coated in cocoa powder.
Cultural Events and Festivals
Matera hosts a variety of cultural events and festivals throughout the year, many of which celebrate its unique heritage and religious traditions.
Festa della Bruna
The Festa della Bruna, held every year on July 2, is Matera’s most important religious celebration. The festival includes a grand procession featuring a large papier-mâché float of the Madonna, which the crowd eventually destroys in a symbolic act of renewal. The event comes alive with fireworks, music, and lively street parties.
Matera International Film Festival
As a city that has often served as a filming location for major movies, including The Passion of the Christ, Matera celebrates its cinematic ties with the Matera International Film Festival, showcasing films from around the world in the city’s unique settings.
How to Get to Matera and Getting Around
You can easily reach Matera by train, bus, or car. The nearest major airport is Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport, located about 60 kilometers away. From there, visitors can take a bus or train to Matera. Once in the city, exploring on foot is the best way to appreciate the narrow alleys of the Sassi districts.
Conclusion
Matera beautifully blends ancient history with modern vibrancy, offering visitors a unique and unforgettable experience. From its stunning Sassi and underground cisterns to its rich culinary traditions and lively festivals, Matera stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of Italy’s southern regions. Whether you’re marveling at its ancient cave dwellings or hiking through the rugged Murgia landscape, Matera is a destination that will leave a lasting impression on any traveler.
